舊陸軍計根別第一飛行場一號有蓋掩體

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旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体

約1942至1943年興建的陸軍飛機掩體，見證計根別飛行場群的戰時建設。現存於別海町私人牧草地，官方明定不得進入草地。

都道府縣
北海道
城市
Betsukai
地區
北海道
重要程度
地區級
現在狀態
紀念場所
開放性
私人
定位精度
約略
時期
1942–1945

詳細說明

這座混凝土造的飛機掩體，留存於北海道別海町本別，位在舊陸軍計根別第一飛行場的範圍之內。別海町將其興建年代定為1942年至1943年前後。掩體的用途是保護軍用飛機免於遭受攻擊，屋頂呈圓拱形，以混凝土拱頂覆蓋機體，防護力高於僅用土堤圍繞的無蓋掩體；混凝土中摻有扇貝的貝殼，反映出當時利用當地可得材料施工的情形。

計根別的飛行場群規模更大，共包括五座飛行場，分布在根釧原野的廣大範圍內，是陸軍為北方防衛而整備的航空據點。建設工程迫使原有的居民遷離，並動員了當地居民與學生參與勞動；此外還有朝鮮人與中國人勞工在嚴酷的條件下被迫從事工程。因此，這座留存下來的掩體所記錄的，既是軍事航空的歷史，也是戰時當地農地與聚落遭到改變的過程。日本投降後，許多設施遭到破壞與拆除，另一些混凝土構造物則因為拆除困難而得以殘存。

這座掩體於2021年被認定為「別海町歷史文化遺產」。町方其後出版的調查報告，記載了構造物的劣化狀況，以及內部部分被土砂掩埋的情形。這也說明它是一件殘存至今的戰時實物，而不是經過修復、供人參觀的展示設施。

掩體座落於私人的牧草地上。別海町明確禁止進入草地，町內地方振興相關的介紹也說明只能從遠處眺望。本條目地圖上的約略位置，代表的是這座具名的一號掩體，而非整個飛行場群；標示位置並不等於獲得進入私有土地的許可，也請勿為了拍攝而踏入草地或妨礙農作。在酪農地帶的草原中遠望這座拱形構造物，可以體會到道東地區在戰爭後期被急速軍事化、而戰後又回歸農牧的土地變遷。

分類

航空基地（主要）地下壕・防空設施

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資料出處

  1. 旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体政府資料別海町教育委員会 郷土資料館{"batch":"20261003","sourceNotes":"Official designation, address, 1942–43 date, materials, wartime construction and labour history, survival and explicit prohibition on entering pasture.","verification":{"coordinateSourceUrl":"https://vehiclenight.blogspot.com/2019/07/1121.html","coordinateEvidence":"The Google Maps link explicitly names 旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体 and contains POI coordinates !3d43.47645!4d144.7677521 (not viewport center 43.4754855,144.7651075). Municipal heritage page confirms 本別34番7・8. Approximate pending primary cadastral/GIS coordinate confirmation.","accessCheckedAt":"2026-10-03","duplicateCheck":"Inventory has no 計根別/Kenebetsu/本別/Betsukai location.","uncertainties":["Coordinates are a named map POI obtained via a secondary link, not a municipal survey; approximate.","Construction is dated 1942–43, so start-year field records the early bound."]}}
  2. 歴史の証言者：本別の草原に残された掩体壕政府資料別海町地域おこし協力隊{"batch":"20261003","sourceNotes":"2025-05-21; identifies private land and viewing from a distance, concrete structure and regional context.","verification":{"coordinateSourceUrl":"https://vehiclenight.blogspot.com/2019/07/1121.html","coordinateEvidence":"The Google Maps link explicitly names 旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体 and contains POI coordinates !3d43.47645!4d144.7677521 (not viewport center 43.4754855,144.7651075). Municipal heritage page confirms 本別34番7・8. Approximate pending primary cadastral/GIS coordinate confirmation.","accessCheckedAt":"2026-10-03","duplicateCheck":"Inventory has no 計根別/Kenebetsu/本別/Betsukai location.","uncertainties":["Coordinates are a named map POI obtained via a secondary link, not a municipal survey; approximate.","Construction is dated 1942–43, so start-year field records the early bound."]}}
  3. 掩体壕調査図録：旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場政府資料宇佐市{"batch":"20261003","sourceNotes":"Survey entry dated 2024.11 documents surviving shelters, partly infilled interior, formwork traces and deterioration.","verification":{"coordinateSourceUrl":"https://vehiclenight.blogspot.com/2019/07/1121.html","coordinateEvidence":"The Google Maps link explicitly names 旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体 and contains POI coordinates !3d43.47645!4d144.7677521 (not viewport center 43.4754855,144.7651075). Municipal heritage page confirms 本別34番7・8. Approximate pending primary cadastral/GIS coordinate confirmation.","accessCheckedAt":"2026-10-03","duplicateCheck":"Inventory has no 計根別/Kenebetsu/本別/Betsukai location.","uncertainties":["Coordinates are a named map POI obtained via a secondary link, not a municipal survey; approximate.","Construction is dated 1942–43, so start-year field records the early bound."]}}
  4. 道の駅おだいとう：西春別・掩体壕網站道の駅車中泊案内{"batch":"20261003","sourceNotes":"Coordinate discovery only; links explicitly named shelter to Google Maps place coordinates !3d43.47645!4d144.7677521. Historical narrative relies on municipal sources; map position retained as approximate because the municipal page supplies address but not coordinates.","verification":{"coordinateSourceUrl":"https://vehiclenight.blogspot.com/2019/07/1121.html","coordinateEvidence":"The Google Maps link explicitly names 旧陸軍計根別第一飛行場1号有蓋掩体 and contains POI coordinates !3d43.47645!4d144.7677521 (not viewport center 43.4754855,144.7651075). Municipal heritage page confirms 本別34番7・8. Approximate pending primary cadastral/GIS coordinate confirmation.","accessCheckedAt":"2026-10-03","duplicateCheck":"Inventory has no 計根別/Kenebetsu/本別/Betsukai location.","uncertainties":["Coordinates are a named map POI obtained via a secondary link, not a municipal survey; approximate.","Construction is dated 1942–43, so start-year field records the early bound."]}}
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